In this paper, we introduce neural texture learning for 6D object pose estimation from synthetic data and a few unlabelled real images. Our major contribution is a novel learning scheme which removes the drawbacks of previous works, namely the strong dependency on co-modalities or additional refinement. These have been previously necessary to provide training signals for convergence. We formulate such a scheme as two sub-optimisation problems on texture learning and pose learning. We separately learn to predict realistic texture of objects from real image collections and learn pose estimation from pixel-perfect synthetic data. Combining these two capabilities allows then to synthesise photorealistic novel views to supervise the pose estimator with accurate geometry. To alleviate pose noise and segmentation imperfection present during the texture learning phase, we propose a surfel-based adversarial training loss together with texture regularisation from synthetic data. We demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the recent state-of-the-art methods without ground-truth pose annotations and demonstrates substantial generalisation improvements towards unseen scenes. Remarkably, our scheme improves the adopted pose estimators substantially even when initialised with much inferior performance.

6多机器人抓钩是一个持久但未解决的问题。最近的方法利用强3D网络从深度传感器中提取几何抓握表示形式，表明对公共物体的准确性卓越，但对光度化挑战性物体（例如，透明或反射材料中的物体）进行不满意。瓶颈在于这些物体的表面由于光吸收或折射而无法反射准确的深度。在本文中，与利用不准确的深度数据相反，我们提出了第一个称为MonograspNet的只有RGB的6-DOF握把管道，该管道使用稳定的2D特征同时处理任意对象抓握，并克服由光学上具有挑战性挑战的对象引起的问题。 MonograspNet利用关键点热图和正常地图来恢复由我们的新型表示形式表示的6-DOF抓握姿势，该表示的2D键盘具有相应的深度，握把方向，抓握宽度和角度。在真实场景中进行的广泛实验表明，我们的方法可以通过在抓住光学方面挑战的对象方面抓住大量对象并超过基于深度的竞争者的竞争成果。为了进一步刺激机器人的操纵研究，我们还注释并开源一个多视图和多场景现实世界抓地数据集，其中包含120个具有20m精确握把标签的混合光度复杂性对象。

类别级别的姿势估计是由于类内形状变化而导致的一个具有挑战性的问题。最近的方法变形了预计的形状先验，将观察到的点云映射到归一化对象坐标空间中，然后通过后处理（即Umeyama的算法）检索姿势。这种两阶段策略的缺点在于两个方面：1）中间结果的替代监督无法直接指导姿势的学习，从而导致后期处理后造成了较大的姿势错误。 2）推理速度受后处理步骤的限制。在本文中，为了处理这些缺点，我们为类别级别的姿势估计提出了一个可端到端的可训练网络SSP置换，该网络将Shape Priors整合到直接的姿势回归网络中。 SSP置位堆栈在共享特征提取器上的四个单独分支，其中两个分支旨在变形和匹配先前的模型与观察到的实例，并应用了其他两个分支，以直接回归完全9度的自由度姿势和分别执行对称性重建和点对上的掩码预测。然后，自然利用一致性损失项，以对齐不同分支的产出并促进性能。在推断期间，仅需要直接姿势回归分支。通过这种方式，SSP置态不仅学习类别级别的姿势敏感特征以提高性能，而且还可以保持实时推理速度。此外，我们利用每个类别的对称信息来指导形状事先变形，并提出一种新颖的对称性损失来减轻匹配的歧义。公共数据集的广泛实验表明，与竞争对手相比，SSP置孔在约25Hz的实时推理速度中产生了出色的性能。

类别级的对象姿势估计旨在预测已知类别集的任意对象的6D姿势以及3D度量大小。最近的方法利用了先验改编的形状，以将观察到的点云映射到规范空间中，并应用Umeyama算法以恢复姿势和大小。然而，它们的形状先验整合策略间接增强了姿势估计，从而导致姿势敏感的特征提取和推理速度缓慢。为了解决这个问题，在本文中，我们提出了一个新颖的几何形状引导的残留对象边界框投影网络RBP置rbp置置，该框架共同预测对象的姿势和残留的矢量，描述了从形状优先指示的对象表面投影中的位移迈向真实的表面投影。残留矢量的这种定义本质上是零均值且相对较小，并且明确封装了3D对象的空间提示，以进行稳健和准确的姿势回归。我们强制执行几何学意识的一致性项，以使预测的姿势和残留向量对齐以进一步提高性能。

成功掌握对象的能力在机器人中是至关重要的，因为它可以实现多个交互式下游应用程序。为此，大多数方法要么计算兴趣对象的完整6D姿势，要么学习预测一组掌握点。虽然前一种方法对多个对象实例或类没有很好地扩展，但后者需要大的注释数据集，并且受到新几何形状的普遍性能力差的阻碍。为了克服这些缺点，我们建议教授一个机器人如何用简单而简短的人类示范掌握一个物体。因此，我们的方法既不需要许多注释图像，也不限于特定的几何形状。我们首先介绍了一个小型RGB-D图像，显示人对象交互。然后利用该序列来构建表示所描绘的交互的相关手和对象网格。随后，我们完成重建对象形状的缺失部分，并估计了场景中的重建和可见对象之间的相对变换。最后，我们从物体和人手之间的相对姿势转移a-prioriz知识，随着当前对象在场景中的估计到机器人的必要抓握指令。与丰田的人类支持机器人（HSR）在真实和合成环境中的详尽评估证明了我们所提出的方法的适用性及其优势与以前的方法相比。

随着深度学习的出现，估计来自单个RGB图像的深度最近受到了很多关注，能够赋予许多不同的应用，从用于计算电影的机器人的路径规划范围。尽管如此，虽然深度地图完全可靠，但对象不连续的估计仍然远非令人满意。这可以有助于卷积运营商自然地聚集在对象不连续性的特征的事实中，导致平滑的过渡而不是明确的边界。因此，为了规避这个问题，我们提出了一种新颖的卷积运营商，明确地定制，以避免不同对象部件的特征聚合。特别地，我们的方法基于借助于超像素估计每个部分深度值。所提出的卷积运算符，我们将“实例卷积”，然后仅在估计的超像素的基础上单独考虑每个对象部分。我们对NYUV2以及IBIMS数据集的评估清楚地展示了在估计遮挡边界周围估算深度的经典卷积上的实例卷积的优越性，同时在其他地方产生了可比结果。代码将在接受时公开提供。

We present a novel method for detecting 3D model instances and estimating their 6D poses from RGB data in a single shot. To this end, we extend the popular SSD paradigm to cover the full 6D pose space and train on synthetic model data only. Our approach competes or surpasses current state-of-the-art methods that leverage RGB-D data on multiple challenging datasets. Furthermore, our method produces these results at around 10Hz, which is many times faster than the related methods. For the sake of reproducibility, we make our trained networks and detection code publicly available. 1

Many problems in machine learning involve bilevel optimization (BLO), including hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning, and dataset distillation. Bilevel problems consist of two nested sub-problems, called the outer and inner problems, respectively. In practice, often at least one of these sub-problems is overparameterized. In this case, there are many ways to choose among optima that achieve equivalent objective values. Inspired by recent studies of the implicit bias induced by optimization algorithms in single-level optimization, we investigate the implicit bias of gradient-based algorithms for bilevel optimization. We delineate two standard BLO methods -- cold-start and warm-start -- and show that the converged solution or long-run behavior depends to a large degree on these and other algorithmic choices, such as the hypergradient approximation. We also show that the inner solutions obtained by warm-start BLO can encode a surprising amount of information about the outer objective, even when the outer parameters are low-dimensional. We believe that implicit bias deserves as central a role in the study of bilevel optimization as it has attained in the study of single-level neural net optimization.

By optimizing the rate-distortion-realism trade-off, generative compression approaches produce detailed, realistic images, even at low bit rates, instead of the blurry reconstructions produced by rate-distortion optimized models. However, previous methods do not explicitly control how much detail is synthesized, which results in a common criticism of these methods: users might be worried that a misleading reconstruction far from the input image is generated. In this work, we alleviate these concerns by training a decoder that can bridge the two regimes and navigate the distortion-realism trade-off. From a single compressed representation, the receiver can decide to either reconstruct a low mean squared error reconstruction that is close to the input, a realistic reconstruction with high perceptual quality, or anything in between. With our method, we set a new state-of-the-art in distortion-realism, pushing the frontier of achievable distortion-realism pairs, i.e., our method achieves better distortions at high realism and better realism at low distortion than ever before.

Fine-grained semantic segmentation of a person's face and head, including facial parts and head components, has progressed a great deal in recent years. However, it remains a challenging task, whereby considering ambiguous occlusions and large pose variations are particularly difficult. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a novel framework termed Mask-FPAN. It uses a de-occlusion module that learns to parse occluded faces in a semi-supervised way. In particular, face landmark localization, face occlusionstimations, and detected head poses are taken into account. A 3D morphable face model combined with the UV GAN improves the robustness of 2D face parsing. In addition, we introduce two new datasets named FaceOccMask-HQ and CelebAMaskOcc-HQ for face paring work. The proposed Mask-FPAN framework addresses the face parsing problem in the wild and shows significant performance improvements with MIOU from 0.7353 to 0.9013 compared to the state-of-the-art on challenging face datasets.